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MIC38150
HELDO(R) 1.5A High Efficiency Low Dropout Regulator
General Description
HELDO The MIC38150 is a 1.5A continuous output current step down converter. This is a follow on product in the new (R) Features HELDO (High Efficiency Low Drop Out Regulators) family, that provide the benefits of an LDO. They are easy * Output current up to 1.5A to use, feature fast transient performance, high PSRR and * Input voltage range: 3.0V to 5.5V low noise while offering the efficiency of a switching * Adjustable output voltage down to 1.0V regulator. * Output noise less than 5mV As output voltages move lower, the output noise and * Ultra fast transient performance transient response of a switching regulator become an increasing challenge for designers. By combining a * Unique switcher plus LDO architecture switcher whose output is slaved to the input of a high * Fully integrated MOSFET switches performance LDO, high efficiency is achieved with a clean * Micro-power shutdown low noise output. The MIC38150 is designed to provide * Easy upgrade from LDO as power dissipation less than 5mV of peak-to-peak noise and over 70dB of becomes an issue PSRR at 1kHz. Furthermore, the architecture of the MIC38150 is optimized for fast load transients allowing the * Thermal shutdown and current limit protection (R) output to maintain less than 30mV of output voltage * 4mmx6mmx0.9mm MLF package deviation even during ultra fast load steps. This makes the MIC38150 an ideal choice for low voltage ASICs and other Applications digital ICs. The MIC38150 features a fully integrated switching * Point-of-load applications regulator and LDO combination, operates with input * Networking, server, industrial power voltages from 3.0V to 5.5V input and offers adjustable * Wireless base-stations output voltages down to 1.0V. * Sensitive RF applications The MIC38150 is offered in the small 28-pin (R) 4mmx6mmx0.9mm MLF package and can operate from -40C to +125C. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at: www.micrel.com ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(R)
Typical Application
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div)
HELDO is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc. MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademark of Amkor Technologies Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com
September 2009
LOAD CURRENT (1A/div)
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150
Ordering Information
Part Number MIC38150HYHL Output Current 1.5A Voltage ADJ
(1)
Junction Temperature Range -40C to +125C
Package PB-Free 28-Pin 4mmx6mm MLF
(R)
Note: For additional voltage options, contact Micrel.
Pin Configuration
28-Pin 4mm x 6mm MLF (ML) (Top View)
(R)
Pin Description
Pin Number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 7, 22 8 9 10 11 12, 13 14, 15 16, 17 18 Pin Name SWO SW ePAD AVIN LPF AGND FB LDOOUT LDOIN PVIN EN Pin Name Switch (Output): This is the output of the PFM Switcher. Switch Node: Attach external resistor from LPF to increase hysteretic frequency. Exposed heat-sink pad: Connect externally to PGND. Analog Supply Voltage: Supply for the analog control circuitry. Requires bypass capacitor to ground. Nominal bypass capacitor is 1F. Low Pass Filter: Attach external resistor from SW to increase hysteretic frequency. Analog Ground. Feedback: Input to the error amplifier. Connect to the external resistor divider network to set the output voltage. LDO Output: Output of voltage regulator. Place capacitor-to-ground to bypass the output voltage. Nominal bypass capacitor is 10F. LDO Input: Connect to SW output. Requires a bypass capacitor-to-ground. Nominal bypass capacitor is 10F. Input Supply Voltage (Input): Requires bypass capacitor-to-ground. Nominal bypass capacitor is 10F. Enable (Input): Logic low will shut down the device, reducing the quiescent current to less than 50A. This pin can also be used as an under-voltage lockout function by connecting a resistor divider from EN pin-to-VIN and GND. It should be not left open. Power Ground.
19, 20, 21
PGND
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MIC38150
Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Supply Voltage (VIN) .........................................................6V Output Switch Voltage (VSW) ...........................................6V Logic Input Voltage (VEN) ..................................-0.3V to VIN (3) Power Dissipation .................................. Internally Limited Storage Temperature (TS)................... -65C TJ +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) ........................ 260C (4) ESD Rating .............................................................. 1.5kV
Operating Ratings(2)
Supply voltage (VIN) ...................................... 3.0V to 5.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) ................................. 0V to VIN Junction Temperature Range .........-40C TJ +125C Package Thermal Resistance (R) 4mmx6mm MLF (JA) ..................................24C/W
Electrical Characteristics(5)
TA = 25C with VIN = VEN = 5V; IOUT = 10mA, VOUT = 1.8V. Bold values indicate -40C TJ +125C, unless noted. Parameter Supply Voltage Range Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold UVLO Hysteresis Quiescent Current Turn-on Time Shutdown Current Feedback Voltage Feedback Current Dropout Voltage (VIN - VOUT) Current Limit Output Voltage Load Regulation Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Ripple Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis Enable Input
(6)
Conditions Turn-on IOUT = 0A, Not switching, Open Loop VOUT to 95% of nominal VEN = 0V 2.5% ILOAD = 1.5A; VOUT = 3V VFB = 0.9xVNOM VOUT = 1.8V, 10mA to 1.5A VOUT = 1.8V, VIN from 3.0V to 5.5V ILOAD = 1.5A, COUTLDO = 20F, COUTSW = 20F LPF=25k
Min 3.0
Typ 2.85 100 1 200 30
Max 5.5
Units V V mV mA
500 50 1.025 1.2 1 0.5
s A V nA V A % %/V mV C C
0.975
1 5 0.85
1.75
3 0.1 0.35 2 150 15
Enable Input Threshold Enable Hysteresis Enable Input Current
Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Regulator enable
0.90 20
1 100 0.03
1.1 200 1
V mV A
Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. The maximum allowable power dissipation of any TA (ambient temperature) is PD(max) = (TJ(max) - TA) / JA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. Specification for packaged product only. Enable pin should not be left open.
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MIC38150
Typical Characteristics
VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, COUT = 10F, RLPF = 25k, IOUT = 100mA, unless noted
MIC38150 PSRR
90 80
Load Regulation
1.88 1.86 O UTPUT VO LTAG E (V) 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1
Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage
IOUT = 10mA
70 60 PSRR (dB) 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 100 1000 10000 FREQUENCY (Hz) 100000
IOUT = 1.5A
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 1.8V
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 LO AD CURRENT (A) 1.5
VOUT = 1.8V
2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5
Output Voltage v s. Temperature
1.88 1.86 OUTPUT VO LTAGE (V)
Therm al Shutdown
2.0 1.8 1.6 O UTPUT VO LTAG E (V) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -40
EFFICIENCY (%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
MIC38150 Efficiency
1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 T EM PERAT URE (C)
VIN = 3.3V IOUT = 10mA
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 1.8V
10 60 110 160 T EMPERAT URE (C) 210
VIN = 5.0V VOUT = 3.3V RLPF = 25k
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 LO AD CURRENT (A) 1.5
0
Dropout Voltage v s. Load Current
0.9 0.8 DROPO UT VO LTAGE (V) DROPO UT VO LTAGE (V) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 0.5 1 LOAD CURRENT (A) 1.5 0.8 1.0
Dropout Voltage v s. Temperature
4.0 3.8 3.6 CURRENT LIM IT (A) 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 T EM PERAT URE (C)
Current Lim it v s. Input Voltage
0.6
0.4
0.2
VOUT = 3.3V
0.0
VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 1.5A
VOUT= 1.8V COUT = 20F RLPF = 25k
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VO LT AG E (V) 5.5
Enable Threshold
1.20 OPERATING CURRENT (mA) 1.15 ENABLE VOLTAGE (V) 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3
Operating Current vs. Input Voltage
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.8V COUT = 20F
3.5 4 4.5 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.5
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MIC38150
Typical Characteristics
VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, COUT = 10F, RLPF = 25k, IOUT = 100mA, unless noted
Switch Frequency v s. RLPF Resistance (3.3V-1.0V)
3 2.5
SW FREQUENCY (MHz)
Switch Frequency v s. RLPF Resistance (3.3V-1.8V)
3
Switch Frequency v s. RLPF Resistance (5.0V-1.0V)
3 2.5
1A
SW FREQUENCY (M Hz)
2.5
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 100 RLPF (k) 1000
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 100 RLPF (k)
500mA
SW FREQUENCY (MHz)
500mA
1.5A
1.5A 1A
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 10 100 RLPF (k)
10mA 1A
10mA 1.5A
10mA 500mA
1000
1000
Switch Frequency vs. RLPF Resistance (5.0V-1.8V)
3 2.5
Switch Frequency v s. RLPF Resistance (5.0V-2.5V)
3
1.5A
SW FREQUENCY (MHz)
1.5A 1A
2.5 2 1.5
SW FREQUENCY (M Hz)
500mA
2 1.5
10mA
1 0.5 0 10 100 RLPF (k) 1000
500mA
10mA
1 0.5 0 10 100 RLPF (k) 1000
1A
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MIC38150
Functional Characteristics
VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, COUT = 10F, Inductor = 470nH; RLPF = 25k, IOUT = 100mA, unless noted
September 2009
LOAD CURRENT (1A/div)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div)
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150
Block Diagram
September 2009
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150 Adjustable Regulator Design
Application Information
Enable Input The MIC38150 features a TTL/CMOS compatible positive logic enable input for on/off control of the device. High enables the regulator while low disables the regulator. In shutdown the regulator consumes very little current (only a few microamperes of leakage). For simple applications the enable (EN) can be connected to VIN (IN). Input Capacitor PVIN provides power to the MOSFETs for the switch mode regulator section and the gate drivers. Due to the high switching speeds, a 10F capacitor is recommended close to PVIN and the power ground (PGND) pin for bypassing. Analog VIN (AVIN) provides power to the analog supply circuitry. AVIN and PVIN must be tied together externally. Careful layout should be considered to ensure high frequency switching noise caused by PVIN is reduced before reaching AVIN. A 1F capacitor as close to AVIN as possible is recommended. Output Capacitor The MIC38150 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a Cap LDO, the MIC38150 can operate with ceramic output capacitors of 10F or greater. Values of greater than 10F improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their superior temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Larger output capacitances can be achieved by placing tantalum or aluminum electrolytics in parallel with the ceramic capacitor. For example, a 100F electrolytic in parallel with a 10F ceramic can provide the transient and high frequency noise performance of a 100F ceramic at a significantly lower cost. Specific undershoot/overshoot performance will depend on both the values and ESR/ESL of the capacitors. For less than 5mV noise performance at higher current loads, 20F capacitors are recommended at LDOIN and LDOOUT. Low Pass Filter Pin The MIC38150 features a Low Pass Filter (LPF) pin for adjusting the switcher frequency. By tuning the frequency, the user can further improve output ripple. Adjusting the frequency is accomplished by connecting a resistor between the LPF and SW pins. A small value resistor would increase the frequency while a larger value resistor decreases the frequency. Recommended RLPF value is 25k. September 2009 8
Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
The adjustable MIC38150 output voltage can be programmed from 1V to 5.0V using a resistor divider from output to the FB pin. Resistors can be quite large, up to 100k because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense amplifier. For large value resistors (>50k), R1 should be bypassed by a small capacitor (CFF = 0.1F bypass capacitor) to avoid instability due to phase lag at the ADJ/SNS input. The output resistor divider values are calculated by:
VOUT = 1V x (
R1 + 1) R2
Efficiency Considerations Efficiency is defined as the amount of useful output power, divided by the amount of power supplied.
Efficiency(%) =
VOUT x IOUT x 100 VIN x IIN
Maintaining high efficiency serves two purposes. It reduces power dissipation in the power supply, reducing the need for heat sinks and thermal design considerations and it reduces consumption of current for battery powered applications. Reduced current draw from a battery increases the devices operating time and is critical in hand held devices. There are two types of losses in switching converters; DC losses and switching losses. DC losses are simply 2 the power dissipation of I R. Power is dissipated in the high side switch during the on cycle. Power loss is equal to the high side MOSFET RDSON multiplied by the Switch 2 Current . During the off cycle, the low side N-channel MOSFET conducts, also dissipating power. Device operating current also reduces efficiency. The product of the quiescent (operating) current and the supply voltage is another DC loss. Over 100mA, efficiency loss is dominated by MOSFET RDSON and inductor losses. Higher input supply voltages will increase the Gate-to-Source threshold on the internal MOSFETs, reducing the internal RDDSON. This improves efficiency by reducing DC losses in the device. As the inductors are reduced in size, the inductor losses are mainly caused by the DC resistance (DCR).
M9999-091109-B
Micrel, Inc. The DCR losses can be calculated as follows: 2 L_PD = IOUT x DCR Efficiency loss due to DCR is minimal at light loads and gains significance as the load is increased.
MIC38150
September 2009
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MIC38150 input capacitors and IC pins.
* *
PCB Layout Guideline
Warning!!! To minimize EMI and output noise, follow these layout recommendations. PCB Layout is critical to achieve reliable, stable and efficient performance. A ground plane is required to control EMI and minimize the inductance in power, signal and return paths. The following guidelines should be followed to insure proper operation of the MIC38150. IC * * * * * *
Use either X7R or X5R dielectric input capacitors. Do not use Y5V or Z5U type capacitors. Do not replace the ceramic input capacitor with any other type of capacitor. Any type of capacitor can be placed in parallel with the input capacitor. If a Tantalum input capacitor is placed in parallel with the input capacitor, it must be recommended for switching regulator applications and the operating voltage must be derated by 50%. In "Hot-Plug" applications, a Tantalum or Electrolytic bypass capacitor must be used to limit the overvoltage spike seen on the input supply with power is suddenly applied. The 1F capacitor, which connects to the AVIN terminal, must be located right at the IC. The AVIN terminal is very noise sensitive and placement of the capacitor is very critical. Connections must be made with wide trace. Use a wide trace to connect the VSW output capacitor ground terminal to the PVIN input capacitor ground terminal. The feedback trace should be separate from the power trace and connected as close as possible to the output capacitor.
*
*
Place the IC close to the point of load (POL). Use fat traces to route the input and output power lines. The exposed pad (ePAD) on the bottom of the IC must be connected to the PGND pins of the IC. Use several vias to connect the ePAD to the ground plane. Signal and power grounds should be kept separate and connected at only one location. Keep the switch node (SW) away from the feedback (FB) pin. Place the input capacitor next. Place the input capacitors on the same side of the board and as close to the MIC38150 as possible. Keep both the PVIN and PGND connections short. Place several vias to the ground plane close to the input capacitor ground terminal, but not between the
*
Output Capacitor *
Input Capacitor * * * *
*
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MIC38150
Evaluation Board Schematics
Bill of Materials
Item Part Number 0805ZD106MAT2A C1, C3, C4, C14, C23 LMK212BJ106KG-T C2012X5R1A106K GRM219R61A106KE44D C2012X5R1A105K C2 R1 R2, R4 R3 U1
Notes: 1. AVX: www.avx.com 2. Taiyo Yuden: www.t-yuden.com 3. TDK: www.tdk.com 4. Murata: www.murata.com 5. Vishay: www.vishay.com 6. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com
Manufacturer AVX TDK TDK
(1) (2)
Description
Qty
Taiyo Yuden
(3) (4)
10uF, 10V, X5R, 0805 Ceramic Capacitor
5
Murata AVX
(3) (1) (4)
0805ZD105KAT2A GRM219R61A105MA01D CRCW06038061FRT1 CRCW06031002KEYE3 CRCW06032492FRT1 MIC38150-HYHL
1uF, 10V, X5R, 0805 Ceramic Capacitor 8.06k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 10k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603 24.9k, 1%, 1/10W, 0603
(6)
1 1 2 1 1
Murata Vishay Vishay Vishay
(5) (5) (5)
Micrel, Inc.
HELDO 1.5A High Efficiency Low Dropout Regulator
(R)
September 2009
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150
PCB Layout
Top Layer
Mid Layer 1
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150
Mid Layer 2
Bottom Layer
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Micrel, Inc.
MIC38150
Package Information
28-Pin 4mm x 6mm MLF (ML)
(R)
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MIC38150
Recommended Landing Pattern
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2009 Micrel, Incorporated.
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